 Competence in Autonomous Driving Let's get autonomous driving on the road. dSPACE provides innovative technology for your next steps. MicroAutoBox III The new MicroAutoBox III is the next generation of the established dSPACE MicroAutoBox, a real-time system for performing fast, in-vehicle function prototyping dSPACE Japan: Company Video A curious detective “Ichika” introduces dSPACE Japan while investigating their office! AUTERA AUTERA is the new in-vehicle prototyping and data logging system for autonomous driving applications. Shape the autonomous era! New Licensing: Activating Licenses and Decrypting Software Archives This video guides you through the license activation process for single-user licenses as well as the decryption process (valid only for dSPACE Release 2017-B and later). How to Get to HIL Testing (1/3) – HIL Workflow for Beginners Webinar Recording (May 22, 2019): dSPACE demonstrates how to set up a HIL simulator. ControlDesk: Customizing Instruments Adding a Python script to a ControlDesk instrument lets you extend the instrument's functionality via automation. Introduction to TargetLink These videos show basic concepts of working with TargetLink Early Software Validation: Techniques and Standards Recording of online workshop (June 25, 2020) ControlDesk Demo Video These videos give you an even deeper insight into the functions of ControlDesk. ControlDesk: Measuring on dSPACE Platforms These ControlDesk tutorial videos show you how to perform a triggered measurement on a dSPACE platform. Simulation and Testing of Electric Powertrain Systems Recording of online workshop (June 4, 2020) Video MicroLabBox Video of dSPACE's MicroLabBox. The new, compact control system development platform for laboratory use, dSPACE MicroLabBox, offers high computing power and comprehensive functionalities. ControlDesk: Electrical Error Simulation To test ECU software in ControlDesk under error conditions, electrical error simulation via XIL API EESPort is used. New Licensing for dSPACE Products: An Overview As of dSPACE Release 2017-B, the licensing technology for protecting dSPACE software changes. This video introduces you to the new technology. High-Voltage Testing Watch the recording of our Innovation Coffee Break demo (August 3, 2020) to learn about dSPACE high-voltage test systems Scenario-Based Testing in a Virtual World and with HIL Test Systems Recording of online workshop (May 28, 2020) Map Import Generation of road networks from high-definition maps Advanced Hybrid Vehicle Real-Time Simulation Simulation of P2 hybrid powertrain architectures Automotive Software Development Process Engineering Recording of online workshop (June 18, 2020) ConfigurationDesk Tutorial Videos These tutorial videos give you an overview of the main functions of dSPACE ConfigurationDesk. Data logging and Edge Computing for Autonomous System Development Recording of online workshop (May 7, 2020) New Licensing: Updating Licenses This video guides you through the license update process with local access to a CmContainer (valid only for dSPACE Release 2017-B and later). New Licensing: Migrating from WibuKey Dongles This video guides you through the migration process for WibuKey Dongles (valid only for dSPACE Release 2017-B and later). AutomationDesk These videos give you an even deeper insight into the functions of AutomationDesk. SystemDesk These six videos show a workflow for developing system architectures. ControlDesk: Handling the Plotters These tutorial videos give you an overview of handling the plotters in ControlDesk: the Time Plotter, the Index Plotter, and the XY Plotter. DARTS Multitarget Capability Simulate radar targets and echoes for automotive radar sensors easily but accurately. Recording of the Innovation Coffee Break demo (June 15, 2020). Over-the-Air Radar-in-the-Loop Simulation HIL setup for radar-based driver assistance systems Development of e-Drive Control Algorithms Solutions for e-Drive control. Recording of the Innovation Coffee Break demo (June 8, 2020). HIL Systems for Testing V2X Applications dSPACE offers a comprehensive tool chain for testing V2X systems Data Logging The dSPACE data logging solution, based on the AUTERA product families, enables you to master data logging challenges. Creating Bus Simulation for RCP, HIL, and SIL dSPACE solution for bus simulation. Recording of the Innovation Coffee Break demo (June 29, 2020). Raw Data Injection – LIDAR validation and simulation Gain a sneak peek at one of the latest dSPACE labs innovations: injecting simulated raw data directly into a Lidar sensor, to test and validate the sensor and ADAS/AD applications alike. dSPACE Electrical Power Systems Simulation Package Easy-to-use but precise real-time simulation of power electronic circuits Creating a Dynamic Virtual World for Testing Autonomous Driving Systems Recording of online workshop (May 21, 2020) New Licensing: Setting Up a dSPACE License Server This video shows you how to set up a dSPACE License Server with CodeMeter Runtime (valid only for dSPACE Release 2017-B and later). How to Get to HIL Testing (2/3) – Test Workflow for Beginners Webinar Recording (September 12, 2019): dSPACE demonstrates a basic HIL test workflow. New Licensing: Migrating from Old CmDongles This video guides you through the migration process for CmDongles delivered before dSPACE Release 2017-B. Validation of 5G Automotive Applications LTE and 5G with the dSPACE SCALEXIO HIL system empowers early development and end-to-end validation without local 5G infrastructure. MicroAutoBox III - Next Generation Rapid Prototyping Next Generation Rapid Prototyping. Recording of the Innovation Coffee Break demo (July 6, 2020). Simulating and Testing TargetLink Code These videos show TargetLink's built-in verification and validation support Simulating and Testing V2X Recording of online workshop (August 6, 2020) HIL Testing of Power Electronics and Electro-Mechanical Components Recording of online workshop (June 11, 2020) Functional Mock-up Interface These four videos demonstrate how FMUs can be integrated into one simulation application. ConfigurationDesk – Connect your Models to dSPACE Hardware Webinar Recording (November 29, 2018): dSPACE demonstrates how to easily connect your SCALEXIO Hardware to your models using ConfigurationDesk How to Get to HIL Testing (3/3) – HIL Testing and Functional Safety Webinar Recording (Nov 06, 2019): HIL testing as crucial part of the verification and validation process and to assure functional safety. Autonomous Driving Webinars (4/6): Sensor Simulation: Key to Autonomous Driving Development Webinar Recording (June 28, 2017): In this webinar recording dSPACE shows the different dSPACE solutions for sensor simulations: starting from ground truth sensor models to raw data stimulation via GPU-based physical sensor models. Mechatronic Steering Test Bench Developing and fine-tuning electric steering systems Physics-Based Sensor Models for High-Fidelity Simulation Sensor simulation models for camera, lidar and radar sensors. Recording of the Innovation Coffee Break demo (July 13, 2020). Hardware-in-the-Loop Tool Chain for Euro NCAP Tests One-stop solution for comprehensive test scenarios Safety in Automotive Software - SOTIF and ISO 26262 Recording of online workshop (August 13, 2020) Data Replay Validation for Autonomous Driving Synchronous playback of recorded sensor and bus raw data for various application tasks. Recording of the Innovation Coffee Break demo (July 20, 2020). ControlDesk: Handling the Table Editor - Changing Values These tutorial videos show you how to change function values and axis points and how to export table data. ASM Vehicle Dynamics Models Various videos using ASM Vehicle Dynamics Models Autonomous Driving Webinars (1/6): Challenge Accepted: Validating Autonomous Driving Functions Webinar Recording (March 29, 2017): This webinar recording shows the introduction to our webinar series that addresses the validation of autonomous driving functions. Come Work for dSPACE! Learn first-hand what makes us a desirable employer TU Wien / Siemens Pantographs The video shows how, thanks to the methods developed by TU Wien, realistic high-speed train drives can be emulated on the pantograph test bench from Siemens. Electric Test Bench: High-voltage power hardware-in-the-loop HIL systems from dSPACE provide highly dynamic emulation of electric motor and battery components with several hundred kilowatts of power and voltages up to 800 V. What are virtual ECUs? Have you ever wondered what virtual ECUs are? Let’s look at them from two different perspectives: the function developer’s point of view and the HIL tester’s point of view. Data Enrichment and Scenario Generation for AI Training and Testing Recording of online workshop (May 14, 2020) RTMaps Demo Video This video shows RTMaps, the development environment for multisensor applications (ADAS, robotics, …). Maneuver Based Engine Tests Maneuver-based test drives on an engine test bench Smart Charging Watch the recording of our Innovation Coffee Break demo (September 7, 2020) on how the Smart Charging Solution can help you switch mobility to electric even faster Fuel Cell Simulation Learn about our experience in test systems for fuel cell control units in the recording of our Innovation Coffee Break demo (September 14, 2020) New Licensing: Basics on Floating Network Licenses As of dSPACE Release 2017-B, floating network licenses for dSPACE software use the CodeMeter licensing technology. This video introduces you to the basics on floating network licenses for dSPACE software. New Licensing: Activating Floating Network Licenses This video guides you through the license activation process for floating network licenses (valid only for dSPACE Release 2017-B and later). Step-Steer Maneuver This video shows the superimposed representation of the vehicle behavior of two different chassis configurations in a step-steer maneuver simulated by the ASM tool suite ControlDesk: Handling the Table Editor - Overview and Connections These tutorial videos give you an overview of the Table Editor and show you how to connect variables. Functional Mock-up Interface - Webinar Recording Webinar Recording (November 12, 2015): This webinar recording demonstrates how to exploit the features of the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) with the dSPACE tool chain. SCALEXIO From development to testing – SCALEXIO is your universal real-time system. Hyundai MOBIS: VIL Testing Hyundai MOBIS is using the vehicle-in-the-loop (VIL) testing method, to efficiently validate advanced driver assistance systems with synchronous virtual and real test drives. Refining Your AUTOSAR Tool Chain Track changes, merge file and automate your AUTOSAR tool chain. Recording of our Innovation Coffee Break demo (August 10, 2020). Intersection Assistant Video Validating intersection assistant systems – create and visualize a road intersection in 3-D with the dSPACE tool chain. Video of Euro NCAP Test Environment Euro NCAP test scenarios for AEB City, Inter-Urban, and AEB VRU (Vulnerable Road User)/Pedestrian, including an overview of the dSPACE tool chain. Save Test Systems for Test Executions – Perform the Test Evaluation Elsewhere Webinar Recording (Oct 30, 2019): Save Test Systems for Test Executions – Perform the Test Evaluation Elsewhere Software Design with the TargetLink Data Dictionary These videos give you an overview of designing software with the TargetLink Data Dictionary. New Licensing: Connecting to a dSPACE License Server This video shows you how to connect a host PC to a dSPACE License Server using CodeMeter Runtime (valid only for dSPACE Release 2017-B and later). Video: dSPACE tool chain used by MAN Validating advanced driver assistance systems – Virtual test drives with hardware-in-the-loop simulation MotionDesk Series of MotionDesk videos ControlDesk: Handling the 3-D Viewer These tutorial videos show you how to display items in a 3-D environment using the 3-D Viewer instrument. AutomationDesk: Signal-Based Testing This AutomationDesk tutorial video provides information on signal-based testing and concrete instructions on how to use the Signal-Based Testing library and the Signal Editor. Data Logging Watch the recording of our Innovation Coffee Break demo (July 27, 2020) to learn about Data Logging for development and validation for autonomous driving functions with the new AUTERA system Scaling and autoscaling with TargetLink Fine-tune your code manually or automatically Autonomous Driving Webinars (5/6): Watchdogs are a Tester’s Best Friends Webinar Recording (September 21, 2017): In this webinar recording you will learn how to easily and effectively define watcher conditions to monitor and measure data in critical traffic scenarios based on dSPACE ASM and ModelDesk On-Target Bypassing On-Target Bypassing with TargetLink and the ECU Interfacing Toolchain Model-Based Development for AUTOSAR Webinar Recording (April 03, 2012): This free-of-charge dSPACE webinar demonstrates how software components can be developed efficiently for the latest AUTOSAR versions 4.0 and 3.2. Webinar - Introducing AUTOSAR, Workflows and Tools Webinar Recording (June 30, 2011): This free webinar, hosted by dSPACE and Elektrobit, provides a basic introduction to the up-and-coming AUTOSAR standard for developing in-vehicle software. ECU Software Development with SystemDesk and EB tresos Studio Webinar Recording (March 27, 2014): This webinar recording demonstrates how to develop ECU software from the software architecture to the basic software with SystemDesk and EB tresos. ASM/ModelDesk These eight videos give you an even deeper insight into the functions of ASM and ModelDesk. Developing Blind Spot Detection Systems with dSPACE ASM Modern blind spot detection systems can help to avoid critical situations for vulnerable road users. dSPACE ASM enable you to develop these solutions efficientely and virtually. Variable Message Signs Detection and interpretation of variable message signs and traffic lights in autonomous driving simulations. Autonomous Emergency Braking Detection of vulnerable road users Virtual Validation These example videos give an insight into the virtual validation workflow. TargetLink Property Manager TargetLink 4.3 ships with an all new Property Manager. This video shows you the new features and basic concepts. Dynamic Motor Simulation on FPGA Watch the recording of our Innovation Coffee Break demo (August 31, 2020) how Dynamic Motor Simulation on FPGA enables highest dynamics with maximum accuracy Testing Highly Automated Driving Testing automated driving functions by means of simulation Model-Based Development According to ISO 26262 Webinar Recording (November 18, 2009): Webinar concerning the requirements of ISO 26262 for safety-relevant systems, right up to ASIL D, the highest safety level. Efficient Development of AUTOSAR Software Components Webinar Recording (March 09, 2010): Learn more about us and our products at international trade shows and conferences Living MBD (5/5) – AUTOSAR: A Modern Plug-and-Play Approach Webinar Recording (Nov 27, 2019): how to efficiently develop and test AUTOSAR-compliant software all the way from the software architecture to best-in-class production code University of Tokyo: High speed Robot Baseball-playing robot system demonstrates perfect and quick pitching and batting technology. Autonomous parking in a parking garage Validate parking assistant systems with the dSPACE tool chain Integration of Elektrobit Basic Software in a Virtual ECU for Diagnostic Testing Webinar Recording (June 14, 2018): dSPACE and Elektrobit demonstrate how basic software modules can be integrated in a virtual ECU. Living MBD (1/5) – Modern Model-Based Development Webinar Recording (February 19, 2019): our series “Living MBD” addresses modern approaches to mastering the challenges of model-based software development. Autonomous Driving Webinars (2/6): Bring the Real World to your Virtual Test Drives Webinar Recording: Webinar Recording (April 26, 2017): This webinar recording shows how to use the dSPACE ASM tool chain to define test drive scenarios and import real map and traffic data into your test setup How to Get to Requirements-Based Testing Webinar Recording (March 24, 2015): This webinar recording shows you how to perform requirements-based testing for all development and testing phases, from software unit to system level tests, from manual to automated testing. Scalable Cloud Simulation Watch the recording of our Innovation Coffee Break demo (August 24, 2020) to learn how to enhance your test strategy ASM Traffic – Roadworks Video: Lane Detection for Automated Driving Modeling Function Variants with Simulink®/TargetLink Webinar Recording (July 01, 2010): This free dSPACE Webinar demonstrates how to model function variants using Simulink®/TargetLink and implement them by autocoding. Variant-Based Testing with HIL Systems – The Elegant way Webinar Recording (April 18, 2018): dSPACE shows you how HIL systems can be automatically prepared and used for testing different ECU versions and variants to achieve the best possible testing efficiency Over-the-air testing - DARTS Over-the-air testing – how can real-world signals be emulated? MicroAutoBox III - Buses and Networks Watch the recording of our Innovation Coffee Break demo (August 17, 2020) to learn how to reduce communication complexity of buses and networks by using the MicroAutoBox III SYNECT Video ​The data management software by dSPACE – managing complex data safely, efficiently and centrally. 3-D Motion Platforms Testing control devices with integrated motion sensors MISRA C Made Easy with the TargetLink Ecosystem Webinar Recording (October 10, 2017): How to efficiently exploit the TargetLink ecosystem to achieve MISRA C compliance. Electric Mobility How can you manage complexity in modern vehicle systems? Developing and Testing Hybrid ECUs with ASMs Webinar Recording (March 16, 2011): This free-of-charge dSPACE webinar demonstrates how to create a real-time-capable powertrain simulation with the dSPACE Automotive Simulation Models (ASMs). Autonomous Driving Webinars (3/6): Taming the Test Crowd with Cluster Simulation Webinar Recording (June 01, 2017): This webinar recording discusses key questions of how to handle increasing test numbers using a simulation cluster, outlines its design process, and gives a demonstration of a VEOS-based example cluster Autonomous Driving Webinars (6/6): Scenario and Simulation Data Management for Verifying Autonomous Driving Functions Webinar Recording (November 21, 2017): This webinar recording shows how an infrastructure supports fully automated verification on dedicated MIL/SIL or HIL test platforms as well as driving millions of test kilometers overnight on a PC cluster. Sensor Simulation How can Sensor Simulation Help Make Autonomous Cars Safer? Mitsubishi Pikes Peak The Mitsubishi MiEV EvolutionII is equipped with a dSPACE MicroAutoBox. ControlDesk: Handling the Table Editor - Views These tutorial videos show you how to use the different views in the Table Editor. ASM Ground Truth Sensors Realistic simulation of object detection in urban traffic 30 Years of dSPACE 30 Years – Time to Celebrate! Our summer party on June 29/30, 2018 was all about our company anniversary. How to Add New Licenses when Working with Multiple Dongles This video walks you through adding new licenses for additional dongles to your dSPACE installation. Register SCALEXIO and Add Hardware Topology How to create a new ConfigurationDesk project? How to register SCALEXIO in ConfigurationDesk? How to add the SCALEXIO hardware topology in ConfigurationDesk? ASM Kinematics and Compliance Designing and Testing Wheel Suspensions More Efficiently Can diagnostic tests be virtualized? Using the dSPACE virtual validation tool chain and virtual ECUs, you can test diagnostics without a real ECU. AUTOSAR 4.0 – Architecture and Behavior Modeling Made Easy Webinar Recording (December 04, 2012): AUTOSAR 4.0 – Architecture and Behavior Modeling Made Easy How to Add New Licenses After Removing All License Information This video helps you solve the following problem: You removed all licenses from dSPACE Installation Manager and can no longer add any licenses for additional dongles. Generating virtual ECUs without AUTOSAR Webinar Recording (November 25, 2015): Generate virtual ECUs in non-AUTOSAR projects dSPACE World Conference 2019 Wrap-Up Video More than 500 automotive industry experts from 30 countries came together to be inspired by presentations from global players and innovation leaders. This wrap-up video summarizes all the highlights. dSPACE Technology Conference 2015 Watch the video on dSPACE’s 2015 Technology Conference! How to Add dSPACE Software to an Existing Installation You bought new dSPACE software for an existing installation. To use it, you have to add the new license information during software installation. Autonomous Parking Accurate detection of contours via ray-based sensor models Achieve functional safety for autonomous driving – but how? Are you dreaming of perfectly specified test goals and processes for functions for automated driving? In reality, established process structures don’t match the corresponding requirements. Here’s how we can fix that. Generation of Virtual Electronic Control Units Webinar Recording (July 08, 2013): This webinar recording demonstrates how to generate virtual electronic control units based on AUTOSAR. From Textual Requirements to Requirement Observers Webinar Recording (November 08, 2016): dSPACE and BTC demonstrate how to use the dSPACE RTT Observer Library and the BTC Embedded Specifier to generate executable requirement observers from informal textual requirements and run them on dSPACE platforms. Ohio State University: Next Level of HIL in EcoCAR This presentation was a technical demonstration of the team’s continued development with its HIL setup. Highly Automated Driving on Highways Configuring Construction Site Scenarios and Testing Automated Driving Functions Living MBD (4/5) – Passing the Ball – Multiplayer MBD Webinar Recording (September 24, 2019): how to efficiently play the MBD game with large and distributed teams: Design, Develop, Test, Repeat. How can an AUTOSAR Project be virtually validated in the dSPACE tool chain This video helps you to answer following questions: Which dSPACE tools are used for AUTOSAR virtual validation? How do TargetLink, SystemDesk, VEOS, ControlDesk, and hardware-in-the-loop simulation interact in an AUTOSAR scenario? P3 – Sensor-based Driving This video shows a demo vehicle from P3 equipped with sensors and instruments to support the development of autonomous driving functions. In this vehicle, P3 uses RTMaps and MicroAutoBox to capture and process sensor data University of Michigan: Implementing Controllers on Real Machines Watch how the University of Michigan uses equipment from dSPACE in training classes to implement controllers on real machines. Time Plotter View Modes and Signal Arrangement How do I make multiple signals visible in the Time Plotter? How can I change the order of the signals in stacked view? MotionDesk Lighting Conditions Improved simulation of realistic lighting conditions in MotionDesk TargetLink for Safety-Related Systems This video gives you an overview of the TargetLink certification and the use of TargetLink for safety-critical applications Michigan Technological University: Efficient Platooning Watch how cooperative and predictive control strategies boost energy efficiency in automated vehicles. Tula Technology The exceptional fuel efficiency Tula delivers contributes to a cleaner environment, reduces dependence on oil and saves consumers money at the pump. Watch how it works! University of Michigan: From 3-D Printing to 3-D Sprinting Watch how a unique algorithm enables 3-D printing at twice the speed. TargetLink Ecosystem MES Webinar Recording (April 30, 2014): This webinar recording focuses on automated guideline checking and model analysis with the MES Model Examiner and MES M-XRAY to ensure transparent and easily inspectable TargetLink models. Making the Traceability Connection from ALM to Model-Based Engineering Tools Webinar Recording (August 8, 2018): how you can achieve end-to-end traceability between Application Life-Cycle Management (ALM) tools and model-based engineering tools Mastering DO-178C Using Model-Based Design and Autocoding Webinar Recording (May 28, 2015): How to use model-based methods for DO-178C- and DO-331-compliant software development dSPACE Inc.: Company Video Company video of dSPACE Inc., USA DAF: Keeping the Right Speed The video shows how Safe-Speed performs under simulated operating conditions. The University of Adelaide: Diwheel Defies Gravity Australian Students developed an Upside Down Vehicle Living MBD (2/5) – Real-World Validation of Production Code Webinar Recording (March 27, 2019): learn how to deploy and validate a model’s production code in the real world. TargetLink Ecosystem – Early Detection of Runtime Errors and Resource Problems Webinar Recording (September 24, 2014): Early Detection of Runtime Errors and Resource Problems by Combining Model-Based Design and Static Analysis. TargetLink Ecosystem BTC Webinar Recording (January 29, 2014): This webinar recording demonstrates how to test and verify Simulink/TargetLink models and production code in an integrated process. Living MBD (3/5) – Getting Rid of Code Reviews Webinar Recording (June 05, 2019): how to get rid of code reviews by frontloading all manual validation steps to the model level. EcoCAR Mobility Challenge: Propulsion Controls & Modeling Activity GM, MathWorks and dSPACE provide propulsion control and modeling hardware and software needed to simulate the professional vehicle design process. Midwest User Conference 2014 Watch the video about dSPACE Inc.’s user conference and the presentation of dSPACE’s new MicroLabBox! General Motors: Buick Regal Turbo Charged Engine Electronics engineering for the Buick Regal Turbo Charged Engine. Optimizing AUTOSAR Workflows with Component Containers Webinar Recording (May 25, 2011): This free dSPACE webinar demonstrates how to develop AUTOSAR application software with the greatest of ease by using SystemDesk and TargetLink. Traffic Scenario Simulation to Test Functions of Driver Assistance Systems Webinar Recording (May 09, 2011): This free-of-charge dSPACE webinar demonstrates how to create traffic scenario simulations with the dSPACE Automotive Simulation Models (ASMs). HIL Testing for Electromobility – Let’s Talk About the Striking Advantages Recording of online workshop (September 10, 2020) An Introduction to the RTMaps Educational Kit A series of labs designed to introduce students to tools and concepts needed for autonomous vehicles. PCM Converter Import of real traffic accidents from GIDAS into traffic simulations How to Get the Best out of Your HIL Systems Webinar Recording (May 10, 2017): dSPACE shows you how to quickly optimize the use of HIL systems, become ISO-26262-compliant, perform requirements-based testing, and achieve 24/7 HIL operation. On-Target Bypassing with TargetLink Webinar Recording (December 07, 2016): dSPACE demonstrates how to perform automotive function development and prototyping with an early focus on production code constraints. Basics on CodeMeter Legacy Licensing This video introduces you to the basics of Legacy Licensing using CodeMeter Licenses. Downloading and Using CodeMeter Legacy License Files to Install a Product This video guides you through the process of downloading legacy license files and using them to install a legacy dSPACE Release. Downloading and Adding CodeMeter Licensing Files to an already Installed Product This video guides you through the process of downloading legacy license files and adding the licenses to an already installed legacy dSPACE Release. Platooning Simulation with ASM Realistic simulation of object detection in urban traffic Real Data Replay for AI Training Recording of online workshop (July 23, 2020) For Academia: Solutions for Designing, Controlling and Testing Autonomous Systems Recording of online workshop (July 30, 2020) Edge Computing dSPACE Learning Bits: How can edge computing benefit the development process for autonomous vehicles?